174 Phenomena in Psychology(1-10)

1 The Jensen Effect
There is an athlete named Jensen, usually well-trained, strong, but in the sports arena but a series of losses. People take this kind of usually good performance, but due to the lack of due psychological quality and lead to failure in the arena phenomenon known as the Jensen effect.
In daily life, some of the top, strong “and” the field of error “between the only explanation can only be the psychological quality of the problem, the main reason is that the heart of the gains and losses is too heavy and lack of self-confidence caused. Some people are usually “tired”, outstanding, star-studded, resulting in a psychological situation: can only succeed not to fail, coupled with the particularity of the field, society, the country, the family and other aspects of the high expectations, so that the psychological aggravation of its loss, psychological baggage is too heavy, such a strong psychological gain and loss of their own, how can they play the level it should be! On the other hand, the lack of self-confidence, resulting in stage fright, binding their potential to play.
How to get out of the “Jensen effect” circle? First of all, to recognize the purpose of the “field”, to overcome the sense of fear, the field is not terrible, just more formal than usual. Secondly, we should calmly get out of the shadow of narrow-mindedness, not greedy for success, but only to play their normal level. The field is a high-level level of competition, but also often is the psychological quality of the competition, “the narrow way to meet the courage to win”, as long as the establishment of self-confidence, a plow must have a harvest. Will eventually deliver a satisfactory answer sheet.

2 Delayed gratification effect
There is a classic experiment in developmental psychology research called “delayed gratification” experiment. The experimenter gave each of the 4-year-old children a delicious candy, and told the children: if they ate it right away, they could only eat one; if they waited for 20 minutes before eating it, they would be given two. Some of the children were so eager that they ate the candy right away, while others got a better deal by being patient, closing their eyes or resting their heads on their arms in a sleepy state, or by talking to themselves or singing songs to distract them from their cravings and kill time to restrain themselves. The researchers followed up and found that the children who earned two gummies with perseverance showed greater resilience, self-confidence and independence when they reached middle school, while those who couldn’t resist the temptation of the gummies tended to succumb to the pressure and avoided the challenge. In later decades of follow-up observations, it was also proved that children who had the patience to wait for two pieces of candy were more likely to be successful in their careers. Experiments have proved that: self-control is a comprehensive ability of individuals to control and regulate their own behavior appropriately, suppress impulses, resist temptations, delay gratification, and persevere to ensure the realization of their goals without external supervision.

3 Hint effect
Suggestive effect refers to the condition of no confrontation, with implicit, abstract induction of indirect methods of psychological and behavioral impact on people, thereby inducing people to act in a certain way or accept certain views, so that their thoughts, behavior and the implied expectations of the goal of the implorer in line with. Generally speaking, children are more likely to accept hints than adults. Commonly used in management is verbal suggestion, such as the class teacher in a collective occasion to praise good behavior, is to play a suggestive role for other students. Hand gestures, eye color, table strikes, pauses, raising or lowering the volume, etc., can also be used. Experienced classroom teachers also often for students of a shortcoming and error, choose the appropriate film, television, literature and other students while watching and discussing, or tell students some targeted stories, can produce better results.

4 Antaeus effect 　
Antaeus is the Hercules in ancient Greek mythology, who has infinite strength and is invincible. This is because he was able to draw infinite power from Mother Earth by simply leaning on the earth. When his opponent discovered this secret, he lured him off the ground and killed him in the air. Therefore, learn to rely on everyone and on the collective.

5 The Hint Effect
The so-called “implied effect”, that is, the use of subtle, indirect way to the psychological and behavioral impact on others, so that the implied unconsciously in accordance with the implied wishes of the action of the implied person …… This is called “implied effect This is known as the “hint effect”. Children and teenagers are more likely to accept hints than xxxxxx. In the process of music classroom teaching, teachers can improve the teaching effect through language hints, action hints, expression hints, self-suggestion and other methods.

6 Placebo effect
The so-called placebo refers to a preparation that is similar to medicine and is composed of neutral substances that have neither medicinal effects nor toxic side effects. Placebo is mostly composed of glucose, starch and other inert substances with no pharmacological effect. Placebos can produce a favorable positive response to patients who desire treatment and have full confidence in the medical staff, resulting in the desired efficacy of the drug, a response known as the placebo effect. People who are prone to corresponding psychological and physiological reactions when using placebos are called “placebo responders”. This kind of person is characterized by: good interaction with others, dependence, susceptibility to suggestion, low self-confidence, constant attention to various physiological changes and discomfort, tendency to suspicion and neuroticism.

7 Aronson effect
It refers to the fact that people are most attracted to those people or things whose likes, rewards, and praise for them are constantly increasing, and least attracted to those that appear to be constantly decreasing.
Give examples:
I. Effective Use
In the back of the dormitory building, parked a rotten car, the children in the compound whenever 7:00 p.m., they climbed on the carriages jumping, bang bang sound deafening, the more the adults control, the children jumped the more joyful, see the helpless. On this day, a man said to the children: “Children, today * * * they race, jump the loudest award a toy pistol.” All the children whooped and jumped, jumping, the best really won the prize. The next day, the friend again came to the car, said: “Today continue to race, the prize for two milk candy.” The children saw the prize plummeted, have upset, no one bouncing, sparse and weak voice. On the third day, my friend said to the children, “Today’s prize is two peanuts.” All the children have jumped out of the car, all said: “not jump, not jump, really no fun, go home and watch TV.”
Analysis: “Positively difficult to attack” case, the use of “diminishing rewards method” can play a wonderful psychological effect.
Counter-example
Xiaogang graduated from the university to work in a unit, just into the unit, he was determined to do a good job of positive performance, in order to give the leadership and colleagues to leave a very good first impression. So, he went to the unit early every day to beat the water sweeping, holidays and take the initiative to ask for overtime, the leadership set up some of the tasks he obviously has great difficulties, but also hardened his head to take it all down.
Originally, just embarked on the workplace of young people to actively show a little self is unquestionable. But the problem is that the performance of the small just with its real ideological awareness, consistent attitude and behavioral patterns in the world, mixed with “excessive performance” component. Therefore, it is difficult to have a long-term persistence. Not long after, Xiaogang water is not playing, the ground is not mopping up, but also often late, to the leadership of the task is to pick and choose. As a result, the leadership and coworkers of his impression from good to bad, and even worse than those who started to come when the poor performance of the youth held the impression. Because they already had a “high expectation and high standard” for him, in addition, they thought that his initial positive performance was “pretending to be false”, and “honesty” is the “core quality” used by our society to evaluate a person. Honesty is a “core quality” that our society uses to evaluate people.

8 The Balin Effect
The Balin Effect is derived from a famous quote by Mr. Balin, a circus manager, who said that there is a sucker born every minute. The “Ballin Effect” somewhat explains why some astrological or zodiac books are able to “pinpoint” a person’s personality. The reason is that the words and phrases used to describe a person’s personality are simply “normal” or basically applicable to most people. In other words, the scope of application of those words and phrases is so vague that they often “say nothing. For example: Aquarius is rational and freedom-loving, Cancer is emotional and caring; but are Cancer people always irrational and Aquarians lacking in love? We do not deny the existence of the value of the horoscope, after all, it has a statistical basis in. But if you want to be a smart person, not to superstitious horoscope, I have to tell you, you are wrong again! Do you know what it means to be drunk? Since more than half of the people around you believe in horoscopes, why would you try to disprove that ingrained notion (which is actually quite unlikely)? If a couple in astrology is not quite compatible, even if neither of them is superstitious, but their psychology is bound to be under a lot of pressure, in the future dating time, if there is a conflict friction, the existing in the heart of the kind of “the original is really not suitable” presuppositions will be forced to set up, and ultimately hard to escape the fate of the breakup!

9Halfway Effect
Halfway effect refers to the incentive process to reach the halfway point, due to the interaction of psychological factors and environmental factors that lead to a negative impact on the target behavior. A large number of facts show that the abortive period of human target behavior occurs in the vicinity of the “halfway”, near the midpoint of the process of human target behavior is an extremely sensitive and extremely vulnerable active region. There are two main reasons that lead to the halfway effect, one is the reasonableness of the goal selection, the more unreasonable the goal selection, the easier it is to have the halfway effect; the second is the willpower of the individual, the weaker the willpower, the easier it is to have the halfway effect. This requires classroom teachers to pay more attention to learning all aspects of knowledge, cultivate various aspects of ability, and at the same time pay more attention to the honing of willpower when educating students. Behaviorists put forward the method of “big goals, small steps”, which has a positive significance in preventing the halfway effect.

10 The Bell Effect
The British scholar Bell was extremely gifted. It was estimated that he would win many Nobel Prizes if he studied crystals and biochemistry after graduation. However, he willingly took another path to put forward a pioneering subject, guiding others to the peak of science, this move is known as the Bell effect. This effect requires leaders to have the spirit of Bole, the spirit of the ladder, the spirit of the green field, in the cultivation of talents, to the country and the nation’s cause, to the unit and the collective first, the discerning eye to recognize talent, let go of talent, the courage to promote and appoint people who are more capable than themselves, and actively create opportunities for talented subordinates to stand out.